So you want to put your company -- or your own smiling mug -- on the Internet? To be a polished Web publisher, you'll need to choose the right tools for the job
Tonya Engst
These days more and more people want to make their voices heard on the Web, whether it's via full-blown Web sites for their businesses or personal home pages.
Creating Web pages isn't like creating a document in a word processor and printing it out. The Web is a world of HTML, GIF, JPEG, image maps, and CGIs. (For an introduction to Web geekspeak, see the "Language of the Web" sidebar.)
Assembling the right tools for the job can be challenging -- there's no one program that can act as a Swiss-army knife of Web-site creation. Some tools can give you a good idea of what a Web page will look like once it's on the Net, whereas others take you under the hood to fine-tune a page's performance. With a little work, you can assemble a Web workshop that contains all the tools you'll need in order to become a consummate Web weaver.
Tonya Engst edits TidBITS (http://www.tidbits.com/) and is the coauthor of Create Your Own Home Page, 1995. Her home on the Web is at http://www.tidbits.com/tonya/.
Photo Illustration / Giampiero Benvenuti
The Workbench / HTML tools compared
* Adobe PageMill 1.0 Rating: Very Good/Acceptable (3.5 of 5 mice)
Summary An appealing, somple visual tool. Excellent support for graphics.
Adobe Systems; 800-628-2320 or 415-961-4400; http://www.adobe.com/
Price: $149
* Adobe SiteMill 1.0 Rating: Acceptable (3 of 5 mice)
Summary Offers all the features of PageMill plus a few site management tools; overpriced.
Adobe Systems; 800-628-2320 or 415-961-4400; http://www.adobe.com/
Price: $595
* BBEdit 4.0 Rating: Very Good (4 of 5 mice
Summary Popular text tool with lots of Web authoring features.
Bare Bones Software; 508-651-3561; http://www.barebones.com/
Price: $119
* GNNPress 1.1 Rating: Acceptable/Poor (2.5 of 5 mice)
Summary Offers a brilliant but confusing muddle of features.
The Language of the Web / making sense of Web-authoring jargon
The Lifeblood of the World Wide Web is HTML, Hypertext Markup Language. HTML files are written in unformatted plain text (no special characters such as curly quotes or accented letters are allowed, although you can create equivalents by using special HTML codes called entities.) HTML consists of commands called tags, that you insert into a text document to indicate how the text will appear in a Web browser. For instance, to make a first-level heading, you surround the text with a pair of <H1> tags, like this:
<H1> Topic One. </H1>
HTML tags are constantly changing -- not all Web browsers support all HTML tags, nor do all Web authoring tools. For example, Netscape Navigator introduced the tags that allow authors to use a color or a pattern as the background for their pages. Initially only Navigator could use these tags, although most browsers and authoring tools (and even the proposal for the next version of HTML) have adopted them.
Among the most popular new sets of tags are table tags, which allow authors to embed formatted tables in HTML files. Even though several browsers don't support tables, Web authors love using tables, because they help organize information into columns and rows. Tables can be difficult to tag by hand; fortunately, numerous programs provide visual tools to make table creation easy.
The most recent crop of tags includes frames, an extension to HTML introduced by Netscape Navigator 2.0. Frame tags let you place scrolling Web pages into other pages -- but only in browsers that support frames. As of this writing, only Navigator 2.0 and an early version of NCSA Mosaic 3.0 support frames.
Most graphics that appear on Web pages are in one of two formats: GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) or JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group). For more information on Web graphics, see Graphics How-To ("Shrinking Web Graphics"), in this issue.
If you make various "hot spots" on an image on a Web page link to various locations, that image is known as an image map. To set up an image map, you create a map file that relates areas in the graphic to the URLs they map to. This map file is processed by a CGI, or Common Gateway Interface, script. A CGI is a program that runs on a Web server and acts on information sent to it from a browser. In the case of image maps, a CGI matches where a user has clicked on an image map with the coordinates in the map file and directs the user to the appropriate URL.
CGIs can provide all sorts of behind-the-scenes functions. In particular, they can process forms. These days most browsers support forms, interactive pages that offer fill-in windows, pop-up menus, and the like. Many authoring tools make it easy to create a form, but that form won't work correctly unless you pair it with a CGI script on a Web server.